Homology forms the basis of organization for comparative biology. In 1843, Richard Owen defined homology as "the same organ in different animals under every variety of form and function".
食作用(しょくさよう)とは、単球やマクロファージ、好中球等の細胞が体内(組織内、血液内など)にある程度大きなサイズの異物(細菌、ウイルス、寄生虫)や異常代謝物(ヘモジデリンなど)をエンドサイトーシスによって細胞内へと取り込み、分解する機構のこと。 食作用は異物に対する免疫機構の最前線であり、自然免疫に分類される。
Phagocytosis (from Ancient Greek phago, meaning "eating", kytos, meaning "cell", and -osis, meaning "process") is the cellular process of engulfing solid particles by the cell membrane to form an internal phagosome by phagocytes and protists.
An analogy is a trait or an organ that appears similar in two unrelated organisms. Thecladistic term for the same phenomenon is Homoplasi, from Greek for same form.
Convergent evolution describes the acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages.
與趨異演化相對的概念是趨同演化(convergent evolution),是指兩種以上型態或分子具有相同功能或構造,但卻源自不同起源。
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